Surgical ligation: performed under general anesthesia either traditional, laparoscopic or microscopic surgery.Varicocele embolization is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure that uses a catheter to place a tiny coil and/or embolic fluid in a blood vessel to divert blood flow away from a varicocele. It is performed without general anesthesia or surgical wound.

Varicocele embolization is an outpatient procedure that is performed without general anesthesia using twilight sedation. In this procedure, a small tube is inserted into the arm vein (just like having an IV line). The skin is numbed for this procedure and it is not painful. Next, a small catheter, or tube, is painlessly guided into the abdomen and into the varicocele vein under the guidance of x-ray imaging (see Figure). The vein is then intentionally closed off by plugging it with small metals coils and a special medication (the same sclerosant medication injected into leg varicose veins). The procedure takes 30 minutes and the patient goes home immediately after with only a band-aid at the puncture site. Patients can drive or travel immediately. They can immediately resume their non-exertional activities.